My research into the world of orchids is still in its infancy, but what I have learned so far has been fascinating to say the least. Not long ago, I wrote a blog post about incredible specimens of amber that were found with insects preserved inside, carrying extinct orchid pollen dating as far back as the Miocene and Cretaceous periods. It was a thrill to look that far back, but my next stop in this historical journey brings me to a place that feels a bit more familiar yet no less legendary: ancient Mesopotamia.
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a depiction of King Ashurbanipal from relief carvings
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Mesopotamia was situated within the Tigris and Euphrates river basins in the northern part of what was called the Fertile Crescent. While we know this area today as Iraq, it also reached into parts of Iran, Turkey, Syria, and Kuwait. One of the most significant hubs of this region was the ancient city of Nineveh, which eventually became the capital of the Assyrian Empire. At its peak around 700 BC, it was actually the largest city in the world, renowned for its art, education, and culture. It even boasted beautiful gardens, parks, and a zoo.
The man ruling over this empire from 669 BC until his death was King Ashurbanipal. He was such a unique figure because he was a true scholar-king; he often depicted himself wielding weapons right alongside a stylus to showcase his knowledge of literature and mathematics (Britannica, n.d.). He established the world’s first "universal" library in Nineveh, which is considered the most comprehensive and systematically organized library in history (British Museum, n.d.). It is estimated to have housed over 100,000 texts, remaining unmatched in size until the Library of Alexandria was built centuries later.